The definitions of translation
- Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in other language (TL) (Catford, 1969:20)
- Translation is made possible by an equivalence of thought that lies behind its different verbal expressions. (Savory, 1969:13)
- Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida, 1969:12)
- Translation is a process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL utterance. (Pinchuck,177:38)
- Translation is a craft consisting of the attempt to replace a written message or statement in one language by the same message or statement in another language. (Newmark, 1981:7
It can be concluded that :
- In translation we use common terms, such as :
Equivalent = similar
Textual material = written message
Reproducing = replacing
- Translation equivalence can in rank of word for word, phrase for phrase, sentence for sentence etc.
TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF TRANSLATION
Catford (1969:2) divides translation into three distinctive types :
1.Full translation v.s Partial translation
2.Total v.s Restricted translation
3.Rank of translation
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